Blog

Protocols, security incidents, and how the internet actually works. 147 posts.

The TLS Handshake in 7 Steps

Every HTTPS connection starts with a negotiation most developers never think about. Here's exactly what happens in TLS 1.3, step by step — and how the older TLS 1.2 handshake differs.

What Happens When a Root CA Gets Compromised

In 2011, DigiNotar was hacked and 500+ fraudulent certificates were issued, including *.google.com. The aftermath reshaped the entire PKI ecosystem.